Resources
Source: Ken Kistler
Literature
Ainsworth, M. (1989). Attachment beyond infancy. American Psychologist, 44, 709-716.
Alleyne, E. & Wood, J. Gang involvement: Social and environmental factors. (2014). Crime &
Delinquency, 60(4), 547-568.
Berger, R., Abu-Raiya, H., Heineberg, Y., & Zimbardo, P. (2017). The process of desistance
among core ex-gang members. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 87(4), 487-502.
Bowlby, J. (1988). A secure base: Clinical applications of attachment theory. New York:
Routeldge.
Del Carmen, A., Rodriguez, J., Dobbs, R., Smith, R., Butler, R., & Sarver, R. (2009). In their
own words: A study of gang members through their own perspective. Journal of Gang
Research, 16(2), 57-76.
De Vito, K. (2017). Schools fall short: Lack of therapeutic continuum of care in public schools. Reflections: Narratives of Professional Helping, 23(4), 4-19.
De Vito, K. (In Press). Seeking a secure base: Gangs as attachment figures.
Gottfredson, G. (2013). What can schools do to prevent gang joining? In T. R. Simon, N. M.
Ritter, and R. R. Mahendra (eds.), Changing course: Preventing gang membership (pp. 89-103). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
Gover, A. (2002). The effects of child maltreatment on violent offending among institutionalized
youth. Violence and Victims, 17(6), 655-670.
Higgins, G., Wesley, J., & Mahoney, M. (2010). Developmental trajectories of maternal and
paternal attachment and delinquency in adolescence. Deviant Behavior, 31(7), 655-677.
McNulty, T. & Bellair, P. (2003) Explaining racial and ethnic differences in serious adolescent
violent behavior. Criminology, 41(3), 709-748.
O’Brien, K., Daffern, M., Chu, C., & Thomas, S. (2013). Youth gang affiliation, violence, and
criminal activities: A review of motivational, risk, and protective factors. Aggression and
Violent Behavior, 18(4), 417-425.
Pyrooz, D. & Decker, S. (2011). Motives and methods for leaving the gang: Understanding the
process of gang desistance. Journal of Criminal Justice, 39, 417-425.
Ruble, N. & Turner, William. (2000). A systematic analysis of the dynamics and organization of
urban street gangs. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 28, 117-132.
Walters, G. (2016). Someone to look up to: Effect of role models on delinquent peer selection
and influence. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, 14(3), 257-271.
Interviews and Information
Special Agent Torres, East Coast Gang Investigators Association
Greg Provenzano, High School Psychologist
Joanne Mannix, High School Administrator
Jay Franklin, Security and Safety Manager/Gang Specialist
Sergeant Gary Webb
Detective Nicholas Veltre
National Gang Center: https://www.nationalgangcenter.gov
G.R.E.A.T. Program: https://www.great-online.org/GREAT-Home
Office of the Attorney General, Department of Law and Public Safety: www.njgangfree.org
Boys and Girls Club: https://www.bgca.org/