Source: Ken Kistler

Literature

 

Ainsworth, M. (1989). Attachment beyond infancy. American Psychologist, 44, 709-716.

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Alleyne, E. & Wood, J. Gang involvement: Social and environmental factors. (2014). Crime &

 Delinquency, 60(4), 547-568.

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Berger, R., Abu-Raiya, H., Heineberg, Y., & Zimbardo, P. (2017). The process of desistance

 among core ex-gang members. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 87(4), 487-502.

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Bowlby, J. (1988). A secure base: Clinical applications of attachment theory. New York:

 Routeldge.

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Del Carmen, A., Rodriguez, J., Dobbs, R., Smith, R., Butler, R., & Sarver, R. (2009). In their

 own words: A study of gang members through their own perspective. Journal of Gang

 Research, 16(2), 57-76.

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De Vito, K. (2017). Schools fall short: Lack of therapeutic continuum of care in public schools. Reflections: Narratives of Professional Helping, 23(4), 4-19.

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De Vito, K. (In Press). Seeking a secure base: Gangs as attachment figures. 

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Gottfredson, G. (2013). What can schools do to prevent gang joining? In T. R. Simon, N. M.

Ritter, and R. R. Mahendra (eds.), Changing course: Preventing gang membership (pp. 89-103). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

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Gover, A. (2002). The effects of child maltreatment on violent offending among institutionalized

 youth. Violence and Victims, 17(6), 655-670.

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Higgins, G., Wesley, J., & Mahoney, M. (2010). Developmental trajectories of maternal and

 paternal attachment and delinquency in adolescence. Deviant Behavior, 31(7), 655-677.

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McNulty, T. & Bellair, P. (2003) Explaining racial and ethnic differences in serious adolescent

violent behavior. Criminology, 41(3), 709-748.

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O’Brien, K., Daffern, M., Chu, C., & Thomas, S. (2013). Youth gang affiliation, violence, and

 criminal activities: A review of motivational, risk, and protective factors. Aggression and

Violent Behavior, 18(4), 417-425.

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Pyrooz, D. & Decker, S. (2011). Motives and methods for leaving the gang: Understanding the

 process of gang desistance. Journal of Criminal Justice, 39, 417-425.

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Ruble, N. & Turner, William. (2000). A systematic analysis of the dynamics and organization of

urban street gangs. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 28, 117-132.

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Walters, G. (2016). Someone to look up to: Effect of role models on delinquent peer selection

 and influence. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, 14(3), 257-271.

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Interviews and Information

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Special Agent Torres, East Coast Gang Investigators Association

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Greg Provenzano, High School Psychologist

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Joanne Mannix, High School Administrator

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Jay Franklin, Security and Safety Manager/Gang Specialist  

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Sergeant Gary Webb

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Detective Nicholas Veltre

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National Gang Center: https://www.nationalgangcenter.gov

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G.R.E.A.T. Program: https://www.great-online.org/GREAT-Home

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Office of the Attorney General, Department of Law and Public Safety: www.njgangfree.org

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Boys and Girls Club:  https://www.bgca.org/

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